各位网友们好，相信很多人对虚拟语气引导方式都不是特别的了解，因此呢，今天就来为大家分享下关于虚拟语气引导方式以及if引导虚拟语气的问题知识，还望可以帮助大家，解决大家的一些困惑，下面一起来看看吧！
本文目录一览
请大家给我讲下虚拟语气常用的几种形式,
虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测, 建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实.它的用法在表情达意的过程中发挥着重要的作用.近几年高考在单项选择这一题型中出现不多,但在完形填空和短文改错中仍然大量出现.例如,2003年高考完形填空第38题考察的就是在篇章语境中的虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法.虚拟语气的实际用法主要包括以下几种：
1、 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示“强烈的祝愿或命令的语气”. 常用“May+主语+动词原形”或“主语+动词原形”.例如：May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情 地久. You go out! 你出去!
2、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法.由wish引导的宾语从句常表示说话人的一种强烈的却暂时无法实现的愿望.
How I wish she would be on my side!(But in fact it’s quite impossible.我多么希望她能站在我一边啊!
How I wish I could help him! 我多么希望我能帮助他啊! How I wish I had watched the close NBA game last night.
另外,在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的及物动词（order, command, demand, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise）之后的宾语从句中的谓语动词同样常使用虚拟语气,表示说话人的要求,其结构为：主语+should+动词原形,其中的should常可省略.例如：The head teacher demanded that we (should ) finish the task in time today.
但是,当insist表示“坚持认为”的意思时,或suggest表示“暗示”或“表明”之意时,宾语从句仍用陈述语气.试比较：My parents insisted that I ( should) enter a key university. /My parents insisted that they were right.
The soldier’s pale face suggested that he was happy to have given his life to his motherland.
The monitor suggested that we (should ) hold a class meeting tomorrow afternoon to discuss the problem.
3、 虚拟语气用在主语从句中.
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural, a pity, suggested, advised, demanded, commanded, ordered ) that . " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词常用：“ should + 动词原形 ”.例如：
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步.
It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的.
It's suggested that we should take good care of the patient.
同理,在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的名词前后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词同样用虚拟语气,既：“主语+(should)+ 动词原形”的句型.例如：
His suggestion /advice is that we should start early tomorrow morning.
3、虚拟语气用在状语从句中.
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中.在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种虚拟形式,即虚拟条件现在式,过去式和将来式.
1) 虚拟条件现在式：表示与现在事实相反的假设及根本不可能的假设或结果：
条件状语从句
结果主句
If 主语+ 动词过去式（be 用were）
主语+ would/could/should/might + 动词原形
2)虚拟条件过去式：表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句
结果主句
If+主语+ had + 过去分词
主语+should/ would/could/might+ have+ 过去分词.
3）虚拟条件将来式：表示与将来事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句
结果主句
If+ should /were to +动词原形
主语+ should/ would/could/might+动词原形
If I were you, I should get it. 如果我是你,我就买了它.
If I had time now, I would study French. 如果我现在有时间,我会学习法语的.
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的.
If it were to be fine tomorrow, I would go shopping with my friends.
如果明天天气好,我将和朋友们一起去买东西.
虚拟语气的用法
一、 条件句中的虚拟语气
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1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
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2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例
(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
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(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
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3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题
(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用 was 代替 were。但在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。如：
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
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(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去 了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
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(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了
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(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：
I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
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(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次 了。
②省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。
二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气
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1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
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(2) 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from www.yygrammar.com)：
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
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2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。
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(2) 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：
We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。
② may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：
You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲(from www.yygrammar.com)。
We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
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(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。
Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必须遵守规定。
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3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为下图所示。
例如：
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像 要来了。
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4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气
amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
① should + 原形动词(指现在或将来)。如：
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。
I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。
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② should + 完成式, 指过去。如：
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次答案竟然失败了。
I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情
